As an important part of modern cities, one of the core components of rail transportation is wheels and axles. Wheels, as the parts in direct contact with the track, bear the weight of the train to ensure the smooth operation of the train; while the axle is an important bridge connecting the wheels and the train, carrying the key task of transmitting power. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the global rail transportation network, the rail transportation wheel and axle market has shown a booming trend. According to statistics, the global rail transportation wheel and axle market size has exceeded 10 billion yuan mark, and shows a steady growth trend. Among them, the Asia-Pacific region as an emerging market, the market size of the growth rate is particularly significant, while Europe and the United States and other developed regions by virtue of its mature rail transportation system, continue to lead the market. In the future, with the continuous progress of science and technology and environmental protection requirements, the rail transportation wheel and axle industry will usher in more development opportunities. The use of new materials, intelligent manufacturing and other technologies will further enhance the performance and safety of wheels and axles, and promote the industry to a higher level of development.